Identifying the Leading City for Urban Development Through Nature-Based and Cultural Tourism: A Comparative Study Between Padang and Bukittinggi Based on the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) Approachng and Bukittinggi Based on the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) Approach. JPP. 2025;9(2):167-186. doi:10.36574/jpp.v9i2.697