A Critical Review of the MBG Program Implementation through the 7C Protocol

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the MBG program using the 7C Protocol. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through semi-structured interviews using purposive sampling, participatory observation, and a literature review applying an integrative review model. Data were analyzed using grounded coding techniques and triangulation of sources, methods, theory, and researchers. The findings of this study indicate that the implementation of the MBG program demonstrates strategic direction and strong political support. However, its effectiveness remains constrained by weaknesses in regulation, human resource technical capacity, cross-sectoral coordination, transparency in communication, and operational consistency across all levels. In terms of content, the MBG program has a visionary objective, but the risk ofshifting focus from implementation quality to quantity remains significant. The implementation context of the MBG program remains adaptive due to regulatory weaknesses and the absence of a clearly defined structure for cross-sectoral coordination at the national level. The organizational and human resource capacities are substantial in terms of structure and fiscal resources. However, they have not yet functioned effectively due to disparities in technical competencies and governance weaknesses. In terms of commitment, the implementation of the MBG program is strong at the central level but uneven in operational and administrative readiness at the regional and field levels. The program’s clients have been clearly defined. At the same time, cross-sectoral coalitions have been widely established but not yet institutionalized sustainably to support implementation. Public communication for the MBG program has been carried out through various channels. However, it remains informative and top-down, lacking adequate transparency and meaningful public participation. Coordination for implementing the MBG program has been completed. However, it remains centralized and ad hoc due to the absence of standardized coordination regulations. Overall, the MBG program has a strong strategic foundation but has not yet achieved optimal effectiveness due to governance-readiness gaps and limited implementation capacity across all dimensions of the 7C Protocol.